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Carlo Fontanos
Carlo Fontanos

Carlo Fontanos

Software Engineer

I build web applications and share what I learn along the way.

© 2026

Debugging

19 tutorials

Step-by-step programming tutorials on PHP, JavaScript, Laravel, WordPress and more.

PHP Intermediate

Your LIKE Search Has a Wildcard Injection Bug

Prepared statements stop SQL injection - but % and _ sail straight through into LIKE patterns, letting users dump whole tables or run pathological scans. The fix is three characters of escaping.

2 min 381
CSS Intermediate

z-index: 99999 Isn't Working Because of Stacking Contexts

When a dropdown hides behind a header despite a huge z-index, the number is not the problem - the element is trapped in a stacking context. Here is the mental model and the debugging routine.

3 min 969
CSS Beginner

:empty - Hide Containers That Have Nothing to Say

Notification badges showing "0", alert boxes rendering as empty bordered rectangles, list wrappers with padding and no list - :empty cleans up after your templates.

2 min 1,013
JavaScript Advanced

Measure Real User Performance with PerformanceObserver

Lighthouse tells you about your machine. PerformanceObserver tells you about your users - long tasks, slow interactions and layout shifts, from the field, in a few lines.

2 min 1,344